I use swagger to document my API endpoints. Student Database Software more. I like the descriptive nature, and find the swagger UI to. Economic freedom Wikipedia. Economic freedom or economic liberty is the ability of members of a society to undertake economic actions. This is a term used in economic and policy debates as well as in the philosophy of economics. One approach to economic freedom comes from classical liberal and libertarian traditions emphasizing free markets, free trade, and private property under free enterprise. Another approach to economic freedom extends the welfare economics study of individual choice, with greater economic freedom coming from a larger in some technical sense set of possible choices. Other conceptions of economic freedom include freedom from want14 and the freedom to engage in collective bargaining. The free market viewpoint defines economic liberty as the freedom to produce, trade and consume any goods and services acquired without the use of force, fraud or theft. This is embodied in the rule of law, property rights and freedom of contract, and characterized by external and internal openness of the markets, the protection of property rights and freedom of economic initiative. There are several indices of economic freedom that attempt to measure free market economic freedom. Empirical studies based on these rankings have found higher living standards, economic growth, income equality, less corruption and less political violence to be correlated with higher scores on the country rankings. It has been argued that the economic freedom indices conflate together unrelated policies and policy outcomes to conceal negative correlations between economic growth and economic freedom in some subcomponents. Classical liberal viewpointeditInstitutions of economic freedomeditPrivate property rightseditAccording to the free market view, a secure system of private property rights is an essential part of economic freedom. Such systems include two main rights the right to control and benefit from property and the right to transfer property by voluntary means. These rights offer people the possibility of autonomy and self determination according to their personal values and goals. Economist Milton Friedman sees property rights as the most basic of human rights and an essential foundation for other human rights. With property rights protected, people are free to choose the use of their property, earn on it, and transfer it to anyone else, as long as they do it on a voluntary basis and do not resort to force, fraud or theft. In such conditions most people can achieve much greater personal freedom and development than under a regime of government coercion. A secure system of property rights also reduces uncertainty and encourages investments, creating favorable conditions for an economy to be successful. Empirical evidence suggests that countries with strong property rights systems have economic growth rates almost twice as high as those of countries with weak property rights systems, and that a market system with significant private property rights is an essential condition for democracy. Economic freedom or economic liberty is the ability of members of a society to undertake economic actions. Sheepdog Training Courses Yorkshire'>Sheepdog Training Courses Yorkshire. This is a term used in economic and policy debates as well. Beginning-Android-4-Application-Development_1.gif' alt='Development As Freedom Ebook Pdf File' title='Development As Freedom Ebook Pdf File' />According to Hernando de Soto, much of the poverty in the Third World countries is caused by the lack of Western systems of laws and well defined and universally recognized property rights. De Soto argues that because of the legal barriers poor people in those countries can not utilize their assets to produce more wealth. One thinker to question private property was Pierre Joseph Proudhon, a socialist and anarchist, who argued that property is both theft and freedom. Freedom of contracteditFreedom of contract is the right to choose ones contracting parties and to trade with them on any terms and conditions one sees fit. Contracts permit individuals to create their own enforceable legal rules, adapted to their unique situations. However, not all contracts need to be enforced by the state. For example, in the United States there is a large number of third party arbitration tribunals which resolve disputes under private commercial law. Negatively understood, freedom of contract is freedom from government interference and from imposed value judgments of fairness. The notion of freedom of contract was given one of its most famous legal expressions in 1. Sir George Jessel. MR 2. 3If there is one thing more than another public policy requires it is that men of full age and competent understanding shall have the utmost liberty of contracting, and that their contracts when entered into freely and voluntarily shall be held sacred and shall be enforced by courts of justice. Therefore, you have this paramount public policy to consider that you are not lightly to interfere with this freedom of contract. The doctrine of freedom of contract received one of its strongest expressions in the US Supreme Court case of Lochner v New York which struck down legal restrictions on the working hours of bakers. Critics of the classical view of freedom of contract argue that this freedom is illusory when the bargaining power of the parties is highly unequal, most notably in the case of contracts between employers and workers. As in the case of restrictions on working hours, workers as a group may benefit from legal protections that prevent individuals agreeing to contracts that require long working hours. In its West Coast Hotel Co. Parrish decision in 1. Lochner, the Supreme Court cited an earlier decisionsThe legislature has also recognized the fact, which the experience of legislators in many States has corroborated, that the proprietors of these establishments and their operatives do not stand upon an equality, and that p. Descargar Segundo Curso De Contabilidad Elias Lara Flores Pdf Gratis on this page. The former naturally desire to obtain as much labor as possible from their employees, while the latter are often induced by the fear of discharge to conform to regulations which their judgment, fairly exercised, would pronounce to be detrimental to their health or strength. In other words, the proprietors lay down the rules and the laborers are practically constrained to obey them. In such cases, self interest is often an unsafe guide, and the legislature may properly interpose its authority. From this point on, the Lochner view of freedom of contract has been rejected by US courts. Economic and political freedomeditSome free market advocates argue that political and civil liberties have simultaneously expanded with market based economies, and present empirical evidence to support the claim that economic and political freedoms are linked. In Capitalism and Freedom 1. Friedman further developed Friedrich Hayeks argument that economic freedom, while itself an extremely important component of total freedom, is also a necessary condition for political freedom. He commented that centralized control of economic activities was always accompanied with political repression. In his view, voluntary character of all transactions in a free market economy and wide diversity that it permits are fundamental threats to repressive political leaders and greatly diminish power to coerce. Through elimination of centralized control of economic activities, economic power is separated from political power, and the one can serve as counterbalance to the other. Friedman feels that competitive capitalism is especially important to minority groups, since impersonal market forces protect people from discrimination in their economic activities for reasons unrelated to their productivity.